steam grinder gregtech. Industrial Centrifuge is a block added by the GregTech 4 mod. steam grinder gregtech

 
Industrial Centrifuge is a block added by the GregTech 4 modsteam grinder gregtech  Component

Listed here are the ones that exist, even if outdated. Gregtech boilers do need to heat up, just as Railcraft boilers do. . Note here that if for example 2 cables are connected, the total output stays the same, emitting 4,096 per cable. For example, a few things to keep in mind: You cannot make Charcoal from Wood because GT6 has its own Coke. 現在のこのチュートリアルの情報は、GregTech-Addon 4. Diamond Grinder · GregTech Sensor Card. 12, targetting a feature-rich, UX-friendly and comprehensive play-through while streamlining and eliminating bloat and make-work details. Environment. Steam Machines come in two versions: the Bronze version and the High Pressure version. A lot of so-called nerfs in GT6 are just incentives for a more streamlined experience. Planetary Gas Siphon. PSS will not form if output hatches are on the top layer. A series in which we will be taking a look at one of the more long lasting popular mod pack types known as Gregtech. Magic Energy Converter. Wrong type of steam inserted in steam turbine will now get voided to avoid getting stuck. For other versions of GregTech, see GregTech. Make the Crafting Input Buffers visible in the interface terminal. Basic Rock Breaker. The Grinder requires water and is able to store 12,800 Energy Units (EU). The Nichrome Heating Coil is an item added by GregTech 4, used to upgrade Industrial Blast Furnace. Seeing as you’re in stone age atm, I recommend automating draining liquids from your smeltery. Hi guys, I'm playing GregTech: New Horizons and am currently on late MV/ early HV. Primitive Water Pump and Super Tank GUI Textures are from the IMPACT: GREGTECH EDITION Modpack. Plus, a few spoilers on how I record my videos!Gr. Diamond Grinder · GregTech Sensor Card. The Large Boiler is constructed as a 3x3x4 structure. GregTech 4. 14a-build272 Recipe Viewer Installed EMI Environment Singleplayer Cross-Mod Interaction No Expected Behavior Output no by-products on Steam Grinder Actual Behavior Output by-products on Steam Grinder Steps to Rep. 04b is one of many Written Books that may be found in dungeons to help you learn how to use GregTech 4. GregTech 6 (GT6) is an overhaul mod; it is not just an addon that supplements other mods or Vanilla: it has its own tech tree, its own progression curve, its own balance, and a machine for every task. Guidance computer doesn't allow us. The Battery Hull is a component added by GregTech 4. It is not used for anything, except for in-game currency. Assets 4. It comes in 3 variations: 60k, 180k and 360k. The Holy Planks of Sengir is an Easter egg added by GregTech. I know that 1. It outputs 16 EU/t It has a small internal storage of 10,000 mB for holding gas. 05g · Thermal Boiler Manual · Turbine Manual · GregTech Machine SafetyオーバークロッカーをGregTechの機械に取り付けた時に限り、1枚で加工速度2倍、消費EUが4倍になる。 またアップグレード可能かどうかは機械によって異なり、アイテムを参照した際のPossible Upgradeの欄に対応可能なアップグレードが表示される。These multiblocks functionally act as a more efficient version of their single-block counterpart. It also covers a much larger distance and depth. 6. GregTech Manual I (Edition 3) is one of many Written Books that may be found in dungeons to explain the GregTech mod in great detail. We've been using the gregtech community edition guide and it differs from what we have available, for example, from the guide. Fix efficiency data of Diesel engine. という方に。. 1. . GregTech? Yes, you have probably heard this name before as it is quite known in the Minecraft modding community. This will usually be the way you will obtain your first steam. M. RS-Energy-Cell Upgrade · Steam Tank. The Industrial Grinder is a multiblock structure added by GregTech 4 and processes only ore blocks to convert them into dust. Tooltip text. . All Thaumcraft shards will produce a dull shard when it's energy is extracted. Currently, it appears there is no difference in performance between distilled and normal water. I moved my base and rebuilt my windmill and now it's not working. It is used to upgrade Industrial Blast Furnace . 2-1. Gregtech Community Unofficial is a begin. 0. Fantasy. Project Goal. 7. Fix food can recipes. Steam and Gregtech Machines! | FTB Interactions | 9 - YouTube Today, we enter the steam age - unlocking some bronze-tier machines and getting guaranteed ore doubling nailed down. Cutting depth up to 13" below ground and up to 25" above ground; Cutting width of 40" Quickly cuts farther into stumps without. The Gregtech Large Heat Exchanger takes lava or IC2 hot coolant and distilled water and converts it into either steam or superheated steam depending on the amount and type of fluid supplied. Edit source. All Steam Machines will interact with Item and Fluid Pipes from many different mods to allow automated Steam insertion and automated item insertion and extraction. There are several Generators available and several machines available. How do you set up(And potentially automate your steam machines? Steam Machines are kinda difficult to set up. The only thing that's bad is the automation problem : (. The Active Machine Detector is a cover added by GregTech 4. . lang","path":"src/main/resources/assets. The central block of a multi-block stucture, built in conjunction with Fusion Coil. Component. MV advanced steam boiler can only produce 1500L/s (=75L/t) steam, far from 1A MV. The clean codebase rewrite based on GregTech 3 brings machine performance improvements and. 6 lb/Min, 550W(2200W MAX) Industrial Meat Mincer with 2 Blade, 3 Grinding Plates, Sausage Maker & Kubbe Kit ABS + Stainless. 1. I don't think it even changes any of the default recipes. The Fusion Reactor Computer is part of the Fusion Reactor, added by GregTech 4 . If the Steam Grinder is supposed to be steam tier, as suggested by the 2. To make up for that, it introduces Flint Tools which have around the same durability as the. 12, targetting a feature-rich, UX-friendly and comprehensive play-through while streamlining and eliminating bloat and make-work details. The amount of Steam/Gas/Plasma used depends on the Turbine built in. Sturdy Grinder is a block added by the GregTech 4 mod. . With this update the mod should be survival playable soon, as essentially everything you need to progress to. 4. This page is about GregTech 5 for Minecraft 1. Sturdy Grinder is a block added by the GregTech 4 mod. From "Ultra Low Voltage" (8 V) to "MAX Voltage" (2147483647 V), but most of the current GT. 7. Type. For the GregTech 5 Small Coal Boiler, see Small Coal Boiler (GregTech 5). Thorium/plutonium hybrid reactors are great. 6% complete), it will emit a strength of 1, and when it is almost. If solar is set to easy then go that route. It consumes 4 Steam/tick to macerate one item every 40 seconds, for a total of 3200 Steam per item. The Automatic E-Furnace is a machine added by GregTech 4. The /r/feedthebeast subreddit is not affiliated or associated with the Feed. The controller must be placed in the front center. The Steam Forge Hammer is a fast but rather energy-intensive machine. It is used to create Batteries . 5. 5x Duration) A tutorial that explains the basics of steam in GregTech New Horizons! Since Omnifactory has EnderIO, it's pretty easy to set up a EIO capacitor bank and an EIO power monitor to do the same thing without needing so much space or worrying about lag issues, however. Machine. Diamond Grinder · GregTech Sensor Card. GregTech Energy Systems V3. GregTech 4. GregTech Energy Systems V3. The Diesel Generator is a type of generator added by GregTech 4. See Neeve's guide on this. 1. The Magic Energy Converter is a machine added in GregTech 4 which allows to convert some magical items like Eyes of Ender and Nether Stars into EU at a rate of 24 EU per tick. The Hammer is a tool added by GregTech 4. The Thermal Generator is an EU generator added by GregTech 4, which generates EU from Lava. Upgraded machines can use BOTH Steam and EU. I've been very busy. If their Steam supply is interrupted, their progress will pause but not be lost. The Matter Fabricator requires way more EU per UU matter. The subreddit for all things related to Modded Minecraft for Minecraft Java Edition --- This subreddit was originally created for discussion around the FTB launcher and its modpacks but has since grown to encompass all aspects of modding the Java edition of Minecraft. Two things to know here: ; You can easily grow sugarcane using snad(see design below), and use the sugarcane(yes, raw) as fuel for dynamos. Steam Upgrade · Quantum-Chest Upgrade. Steam Macerator / High Pressure Steam Macerator cannot process XX Ore and Crushed XX Ore. 3 (the nightly build dev version) and Nomifactory CEu. The steam usage is double EU usage of Electrical Alloy Smelter of the recipe, while the time is double of the Electrical Alloy Smelter time required for the recipe. Code; Issues 37; Pull requests 12; Actions; Projects 0; Wiki; Security; Insights New issue. The Rock Breaker is a machine from GregTech 5. Turbine Blades are a crafting component used in the manufacture of Turbine Rotors . It can separate various of minerals and compounds into basic materials, such as clean dusts, rubber and oil (from Soul Sand). GregTech Machine Safety is one of many Written Books that may be found in dungeons to help you learn how to use GregTech 4. 32 EU/t. Seeing as you’re in stone age atm, I recommend automating draining liquids from your smeltery. They also last twice as long. The Fusion Energy Injector is a part of the fusion reactor, added by GregTech 4, and it is needed to store energy in the reactor. A Railcraft Steam Turbine has an 1:1. • Distillation Tower • Fusion Reactor • Implosion Compressor • Industrial Blast Furnace • Industrial Grinder • Industrial Sawmill • Large Gas Turbine • Large Steam Turbine. . 1 or 2 Input. It can store approximately 2 billion of any single item (1,999,999,808 exactly). Primitive Water Pump and Super Tank GUI Textures are from the IMPACT: GREGTECH EDITION Modpack. So I'm playing on a GTNH server and I made a windmill via the grinding with the wind quest. We are not responsible for any Damage done by this Book itself nor its content. full listNew type of power source, the Kinetic windmillsGregtech New Horizons an expert mode modpack based around Gregtech for 1. The Alloy Smelter has three buttons in. 5. 7. The input part works, but the output part doesn't. Steam Grinder is from. Pneumatic Generator Upgrade · RS-Energy-Cell Upgrade · Steam Tank. The second layer from the bottom has the Controller in the middle front. 30. 32 EU/t. The Twilight Forest is the dimension linked to magic in this pack. Your typical GregTech base with a mat fab and everything will want several hundred eu/t. Notifications Fork 51; Star 150. It’s Greg tech CE you can see a list of all the mods in the main menu of Minecraft atm9 after booting up the game. This guide will not get into the X amount of steam per tick per this per that. 5. 100,000,000 EU. The Fusion Energy Injector is a part of the fusion reactor, added by GregTech 4, and it is needed to store energy in the reactor. Diamond Grinder · GregTech Sensor Card. The possible modes are: Export - the machine will try to output items to the inventory. Steam Upgrade · Quantum-Chest Upgrade. It has no function, except as decoration and as a crafting component for various machines. If you don't know what that is, I recommend you to check the mod's github README, and the previous post for FAQs. 0. 色々ありすぎてとりあえず何したらいいのか分かんねぇ!. Steam Machines are powered by steam which you can obtain from a Small Coal Boiler. 10Twitch: Adjustable Energy Storage Unit (AESU) is a storage unit for EU added by GregTech 4. An LV steam turbine uses 80 mb/t of steam and a high pressure steam boiler puts out 15 mb/t, so the ratio is 16 boilers to 3 turbines. Today, we enter the steam age - unlocking some bronze-tier machines and getting guaranteed ore doubling nailed down. They are created by smelting Chrome Dust in an Industrial Blast Furnace at a temperature of at least 1700K. Using MJ is a bit wasteful as it has an 1:1-Ratio instead of the 1:2. Plus, a few spoilers on how I record my videos!Gr. GTCEu is an indirect descendant and total rewrite of GregTech. It has a capacity of 1,000,000,000 EU. To bring preferred GregTech concepts and ideas from GT (Minecraft 1. Steam Generators (SGs) need to be fed water to produce steam. Upgrades. The Fusion Material Extractor is a block added by GregTech 4. The amount of Steam/Gas/Plasma used depends on the Turbine built in. No. IF Gregtech = Installed AND = Easy THEN Only use the Industrial Grinder to get the SUPER RARE stuff. Diamond Grinder Digital Tank Electric Hoe (IndustrialCraft 2) Electric Trade-O-Mat Electric Treetap Electric Wrench (IndustrialCraft 2) Empty Shape Plate (GregTech 4) High Pressure Steam Furnace Industrial Electrolyzer Lathe (GregTech 4) Mining Drill Plate Cutting Machine Printing Factory Reinforced Machine Casing Steam TankI has another question as it regards to Gregtech upgrades. The Industrial Grinder is a multiblock structure added by GregTech 4 and processes only ore blocks. When applied, it will add 1,000,000 Energy Units to the machine's internal storage. It uses Steam as fuel. It is used to crush Ores into Crushed Ores, and hammer metal Ingots into metal Plates. All GregTech generators have a common GUI which takes fuel cells in the top slot and returns empty cells in the bottom slot. Energy. In addition to the Steam Turbine Main Housing, 35 Dense. Peppe designed something that spits out 1750 EU/t for 0. The Industrial Centrifuge has three. It supports Charge from Factorization, EU from IndustrialCraft 2, MJ from BuildCraft, Steam. Night: 0. It can also separate Methane from various types of food, Deuterium or Tritium from Water, and several metal from Lava. Blast resistance. ago. Component. Brand new 2023 series on Minecraft's Gregtech New Horizons. The Large Turbine is a multiblock generator added by GregTech 5 Unofficial. -#5012 Until Alk fixes it on her side-change(GT++)Boiler recipes-change the steam Boiler recipes; IC2Heating Coil Textures, Wooden Forms, World Accelerators, and the Extreme Combustion Engine are from the GregTech: New Horizons Modpack. Fix processtime calculation of LuV+ disassemblers. 7. " Greg also changed the way the wrench functions. Plasma Generator. So to remind myself to make this guide, and in preparation for CQI's Learn Gregtech Modpack, I am going to be releasing parts of my survival guide early. Now, we just need to work on automating. The Solar Panel is a cover added by GregTech 4. There are three levels of single block steam turbines, and 2 further multiblock steam turbines from Gregtech. It will rely on visual cues to help simplify the setup. GregTech 4. The repository contains all the code and assets required to build and run that mod. NanoMuscle and QuarkTech Suite Armors are from Nukepowered Utils. But those steam gens take forever to get to max power so im going to siphon off a small amount to be pushed into my survivial gens, gonna need a comparator to control that. Anything marked "as cover" can do this. GregTech, originally created by Gregorious Technecities, is a mod that overhauls IndustrialCraft2, adding several new machines, fluids, tools, and adjusting recipes to make them fit with its system, and to make everything work well together. Electric stuff : - GregTech used to have a bronze age and an electric age. 10. Gregtech 5. Because bronze machine. For starters do coal steam boiler. GregTech, created by GregoriusT, is a Mod that completely overhauls Minecraft, adding numerous Machines and Materials, as well as adjusting Recipes for existing Items in order to make them fit with its System. It replaces the Extractor. The coke oven takes 1800 ticks per charcoal which lasts 3200 ticks in a high pressure boiler (at. Unlike IndustrialCraft 2's Electric Furnace, the Automatic E-Furnace has two inputs and two outputs. BTW I consider the GT steam boilers to be electric since they require a lot of electrical-age components to build. . 2/1. The Steam Engine Upgrade allows Machines to directly run on Steam. It exploits one of the most basic principle in Minecraft: when a Lava stream comes into contact with Water, the Lava is turned into Cobblestone. Note that Steam Vent of the Steam Powered Forge Hammer must be uncovered in order for it to function. In the version of GregTech included in Feed The Beast Beta Pack A, the reactor generates 4,096 EU/t. It can store 10,512 Energy Units (EU). Chemical plant is a GT++ multiblock designed to produce a number of chemicals, most notably: Galacticraft rocket fuels, GT++ ore processing fluids, algae chemistry and also it's the only way to make Dangote Distillus (mega DT) controller. Machines perform a variety of functions, from processing ores to creating components for more advanced machinery (usually to generate more power or get more from ores) to generating the energy used to power other machines. The goal of GregTech is creating a large factory in which you produce every singl. Add Magic super fuel recipes that work without thaumcraft. P. GT New Horizons comes with a variety of powerful magic mods. It works everything looked good, I was turning colored clay into clay dust and have two stacks of flour as well. Left-clicking will pull out a stack of the item stored in it, and right-clicking will place all of that item the player has in their hotbar. If you only give it 10% of its optimal flow, it will only generate around 50 eu/t. Two piles of Iron Dust and a pile of Pulverized Ferrous Metal will also produce Invar Blend. Component. GregTech CEu Version 1. (BTW the gregtech "robot arm" also functions as a cover). 03a · Upgrade Dictionary V3. 5. From GT New Horizons. Unlike IndustrialCraft 2's Extractor, the Automatic Extractor has two inputs and two outputs. For other versions of GregTech, see GregTech. It works everything looked good, I was turning colored clay into clay dust and have two stacks of flour as well. Fuel can be inserted via Cells, or via piping the gasses directly into the generator. GregTech is a mod that completely overhauls Minecraft to be more realistic. Your main access will be through the Thauminomicon which is modified to also feature custom sections for Blood Magic, Witchery, and other important things besides having the usual content of Thaumcraft and its add-ons. Industrial Grinder is a multiblock structure added by the GregTech 4 mod. 128 EU/t. 0. This page is about the Flint Shovel added by GregTech 4. fire shards, water shards, etc. Mar 28, 2013. Upgrades are applied by right. Type. When put in an Industrial Information Panel or an Advanced Information Panel, it will show the information provided by the used machine. The Cupronickel Heating Coil is a component item added by GregTech 4, used in crafting Industrial Blast Furnace. GT caps production to 3 per ore block for balance reasons, however. This allows the players to build Cobblestone farms. Add new multiblocks system: MuTEs. It is for PVP-only; attacking a normal mob won't consume any energy or cause special damage. Lock Upgrade · Pneumatic Generator Upgrade · RS-Energy-Cell Upgrade · Steam Tank. The Rock Breaker allows to automate this process and have more compact farms, although requiring energy to. . These are made during what is referred to as the Bronze Age. This page is about the Steam Furnace from GregTech 4. Having some sort of hard cap on resources, also boring. Documents related to GT6Gregtech. Steam Upgrade · Quantum-Chest Upgrade. Additionally, the HV-tier Universal Macerator and above have multiple output slots and. It slowly speeds up, so it should be used for constant Energy supply. Forge. The Plasma Generator is an EU generator added by GregTech 4 that generates energy with plasma. Upgrades are applied by right-clicking a machine, and cannot be removed, even with a Wrench. The quest book will tell you how to do that later in the multiblock goals tab. Plasma Generator. If you have a sound that can be used, please make a comment on this issue saying what of the. 464 download s. It uses Steam as fuel. Steam Grinder is from. 4-Ratio. Describe the bug The Central Monitor has a Voiding Mode button unlike other special multiblocks such as steam oven, steam grinder etc It should not exist since it has no recipe Versions Forge: 14. I lasted most of LV/MV with a solar boiler set-up feeding 4 LV steam turbines. Normal efficiency can be achieved through the use of a Saw or a Lathe, and even higher efficiency can be achieved with a Cutting Machine. Energy. 10 versions and earlier) to Minecraft 1. It is used as a crafting tool to create various items- in most cases, using it in a recipe will take off one durability of the tool rather then consume the entire item. It is used for efficient extraction of energy from Steam. Be advised that GregTech Steam Machines will not automatically output items, items must be pulled from them in some way by the pipes; and again,. It's hard to have too much coal/creosote, the only problem is that it's pretty hard to efficiently automate wood cutting etc at that age. Steam upgrades are lossless, 2mB per 1EU, and quite fun to work with having never bothered with a steam boiler before. The coke oven takes 1800 ticks per charcoal which lasts 3200 ticks in a high pressure boiler (at max temp), so you have 9 coke ovens to 16 boilers. It can store 10,512 Energy Units (EU). The biggest advantage over the regular Pump is that it removes both source blocks and flowing liquid, making the pumping less laggy. Steam Upgrade · Quantum-Chest Upgrade. The Gas Turbine is an EU generator added by GregTech 4, which generates EU from gaseous fuels. Poppycocks New Member. All of which are powered by GTCEu's own power systems, featuring generators from simple wood burning for steam to plasma-powered turbines. Gregtech has its insanely. It also extracts energy from nearby Ender Crystals. but if it’s anything like other GregTech, the first thing you should automate is crafting. Right-clicking on a placed Fusion Reactor Computer allows the player to see where they have to place the other parts of the fusion reactor in order to build it. Scrolling the mouse wheel will instead move to the next/previous multiblock preview. The Wolframium Grinder is an item from GregTech 4. On this page, generators and general machines are lumped together, defining a generator as any machine used to generate power, whether it be EU, steam or otherwise. Steam Machines are the first tier available to the player and, so far, seem necessary to advance on to Electric Machines. You can use build, or compile this branch to already try this yourself. Ender Fluid Link Cover and Auto-Maintenance Hatch Textures are from TecTech. Diamond Grinder · GregTech Sensor Card. It exploits one of the most basic principle in Minecraft: when a Lava stream comes into contact with Water, the Lava is turned into Cobblestone. Unlike other EU storage devices, each IESU links to other IESUs, like an Ender Chest, but for EU. Though if I try putting the put block in there it never completes the structure even though it was working before. It is also compatible with Thaumcraft 3 mod; for example, the elemental shards (e. Note that Steam Vent of the Steam Furnace must be. Industrial Blast Furnace (GregTech 4 Machine) Industrial Centrifuge Industrial Grinder (GregTech 4 Machine) Industrial Sawmill (GregTech 4 Machine) Input Bus (GregTech 4) Input Hatch (GregTech 4) Large Steam Turbine (GregTech 4 Machine) Large Steam Turbine (GregTech 4 Structure) Large Steam Turbine (GregTech 4 Structure). 5-Ratio. The amount of steam needed is determined by the recipe. REI. I'm powering an I. The Steam Tank Upgrade just stores *see Tooltip* more Buckets worth of Steam. It is used to craft several items and can substitute Wolframium Grinder in those. The IC2 Generator is automatically removed. That's pretty amazing. Steam Processing Machines This page is about the GregTech 4 Small Coal Boiler. This greatly increases the difficulty of gathering/creating more rare materials such as UU. having machine spam be the ONLY solution is boring. . For the GregTech 5 Small Coal Boiler, see Small Coal Boiler (GregTech 5). Leftpclicking will pull out a stack of the item stored in it, and right-clicking will. Notifications Fork 51; Star 150. gregtech_addon:21259:19. 90h, FTB Ultimate 1. If Coal Chunk compression to an Industrial Diamond is disabled, you will require an Implosion Compressor before your Industrial Grinder. Energy. The High Pressure Coal Boiler is a steam generator that is powered by coal, added by GregTech 4. Compare. Standard Machine Casings are the lowest tier of machine casings and are used for several multiblock machines. The strength of the Redstone signal is based on how close the process is to completion; for example, when just started (less than 6. It is a LV-tier singleblock processing machine. g. The first part in my GregTech tutorial series! Part 1 covers the first steam machines included in GregTech. Question. Espressotec is a top-tier choice for home and commercial coffee & espresso machines, coffee, grinders, accessories, education, service, and repair, with a coffee-tasting bar. 1. Machines perform a variety of functions, from processing ores to creating components for more advanced machinery (usually to generate more power or get more from ores) to generating the energy used to power other machines. The Crafting Module can be applied to any side of a machine by right-clicking a side. GTCEu is an indirect descendant and total rewrite of GregTech. Heating Coil Textures, Wooden Forms, World Accelerators, and the Extreme Combustion Engine are from the GregTech: New Horizons Modpack. The Zero Point Module, or ZPM is a single-use battery added by GregTech 4. If used as a cover it must be installed on a GregTech 4 machine side adjacent to an inventory and configured with a Screwdriver, cycling forward with right-clicking. 7. Quest. It is used to craft several items and can substitute Diamond Grinder in those. 4. The Diamond Grinder is an item from GregTech 4. It uses Steam as fuel. Ender Fluid Link Cover and Auto-Maintenance Hatch Textures are from TecTech. Schreddering your Ores. . GregTech Energy Systems V3. It must be used after Kanthal Heating Coil is installed. The generator has an internal storage of 1,000,000 EU. Cross-Mod Interaction. Pneumatic Generator Upgrade · RS-Energy-Cell Upgrade · Steam Tank. Large Steam Turbine is a multiblock structure added by the GregTech 4 mod. Earlygame: steam dynamos. The Industrial Centrifuge is one of the most important machines in GregTech 4. But 3 hp boilers give more. GregTech CE Unofficial, or GTCEu, is a Minecraft mod. Invar Blend is a dust present in GregTech and Thermal Expansion which is used to craft Invar Ingots. 125 EU/t during the night time. The nuclear reactor is, especially when GregTech is enabled, not a very expensive machine, but it is tricky to operate and. The Cloaking Device is a piece of armor added by GregTech 4.